Sodium formate (other names Formic acid sodium salt), also known as sodium formate, CAS NO: 141-53-7, contains two crystal waters in the crystal, so it is also known as sodium formate dihydrate, sodium formate dihydrate, sodium formate dihydrate (Sodiumformatehydrate) ).
Sodium formate is one of the simplest organic carboxylates, white crystals or powders, with a slight formic acid odor. Slightly deliquescent and hygroscopic. It is easily soluble in about 1.3 parts of water and glycerin, slightly soluble in ethanol and octanol, and insoluble in ether. Its aqueous solution is alkaline.
When heated, sodium formate decomposes into hydrogen and sodium oxalate, followed by sodium carbonate. Sodium formate is mainly used in the production of hydrosulfite, oxalic acid and formic acid. In the leather industry, it is used as camouflage acid in the chrome tanning process, as a catalyst and as a stabilized synthetic agent, and as a reducing agent in the printing and dyeing industry.
Sodium formate is harmless to the human body, but irritating to the eyes, respiratory system and skin. The molecular formula is CHO2Na and the chemical structural formula is HCOONa, HCOONa·2H2O.
The main use of sodium formate
(1) For the production of formic acid, oxalic acid and hydrosulfite, etc., and also for the production of dimethylformamide, etc. Also used in medicine, printing and dyeing industry. ;
(2) Reagents, disinfectants and mordants for the determination of phosphorus and arsenic;
(3) For preservatives, alkyd resin coatings, plasticizers;
(4) Used in explosives, acid-resistant materials, aviation lubricants, and adhesive additives.
Preparation method of sodium formate
carbon monoxide synthesis
reaction principle
Preparation method: carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide solution react at 160 ~ 200 ° C and 2MPa pressure to generate sodium formate, and then the finished product formic acid is obtained by acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and distillation.
Brief description of the process flow
This project uses coke as raw material, and through the processes of gas generation and dust removal, water washing, decarbonization, and re-dust removal, the carbon monoxide gas required for the process is obtained, and then heated and pressurized to react with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium formate solution, which is evaporated, separated, Drying yields a solid product, sodium formate.
Reaction principle of pentaerythritol by-product method
Preparation method: in the production process of pentaerythritol, sodium hydroxide is used to provide alkaline reaction conditions, and sodium formate is by-produced while adding formic acid and sodium hydroxide in the subsequent neutralization process of the reaction, and the sodium formate of pentaerythritol by-product is white or off-white. - Generally between 90% and 95%, generally used in sewage treatment and leather treatment. Compared with synthetic sodium formate, it has fewer impurities and no corrosiveness.
Neopentyl glycol by-product method
In the production of neopentyl glycol, liquid alkali is used to generate the reaction, and there is a reaction between formaldehyde and liquid alkali, and a catalyst is added to produce neopentyl glycol and its by-product sodium formate. The content of sodium formate is generally about 90%, and the color is black or brownish red. Generally used in the production of formic acid
Trimethylolpropane production method
2.2--Hydroxymethylbutyraldehyde is produced by aldol condensation reaction between n-butyraldehyde and aqueous formaldehyde solution under the action of alkaline catalyst, and 2.2­--hydroxymethylbutyraldehyde then reacts with excess formaldehyde to generate cross-contamination under strong alkaline conditions. The Nizarro reaction produces trimethylolpropane, the formaldehyde is oxidized to produce formic acid, and the formic acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium formate.
